Teaching Tip: Active Learning in the IS Classroom: A Student Crowdpolling Exercise for IS Courses

Active learning pedagogy has many documented benefits, and while several positive examples of its recent use in STEM classes have led to better performance, greater diversity, more equity, and improved retention of underrepresented student populations, more research in IS and IT classrooms is needed. Most active learning exercises are in a traditional in-person format;however, the COVID-19 pandemic has created a demand for more online classes. Here we present an easy-to-adopt, active learning crowdpolling exercise that can be used for all modalities, including online, hybrid, and face-to-face, moreover, can be used throughout the semester or for a portion of it. The exercise creates a small crowdpolling results database that can be used to enhance student data literacy and teach a variety of IS topics such as database, systems analysis and design, and data analytics. An extended example of how it is used in the Introduction to IS course is provided.

Creation of Virtual Reality for Education Purposes

Virtual reality systems have been developed primarily for the entertainment sector. However, they are being increasingly considered as high potential tools for use in industry and education. In this context, schools are now facing a challenge to introduce virtual-reality-supported teaching into their processes. With this in mind, the authors, in their paper, focus on the possibility for using virtual excursions as part of vocational education and training. For this purpose, they analyze the suitability and usability of selected virtual reality systems, as well as relevant camera systems, for the creation of virtual reality software products designed for industrial practice in upper secondary vocational schools' apprenticeships (vocational education and training). The main results of their analyses are summarized in the form of tabularized SWOT parameters.

Decision making under deep uncertainty for pandemic policy planning.

Policymakers around the world were generally unprepared for the global COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, the virus has led to millions of cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths. Theoretically, the number of cases and deaths did not have to happen (as demonstrated by the results in a few countries). In this pandemic, as in other great disasters, policymakers are confronted with what policy analysts call Decision Making under Deep Uncertainty (DMDU). Deep uncertainty requires policies that are not based on 'predict and act' but on 'prepare, monitor, and adapt', enabling policy adaptations over time as events occur and knowledge is gained. We discuss the potential of a DMDU-approach for pandemic decisionmaking.

Energy system analysis with a focus on future energy demand projections: The case of Norway

Post Covid-19 pandemic and the Ukrainian war are significantly impacting energy systems worldwide, faltering investments and threatening to throttle the expansion of primary clean energy technologies, even in the case of a well-structured and managed energy system, such as Norway. This unprecedented crisis requires deeper analyses and well-measured actions from the main actors in Norway's energy and climate sector. Hence, providing and highlighting needed interventions and improvements in the energy system is crucial. This study analyzes demand-side energy in Norway's households, industry, transport, and "other” sectors. LEAP model, a powerful energy system analysis tool, was used to conduct the analysis based on Baseline and Mitigation scenarios. The energy demand by sector and fuel type toward 2050 is forecasted, firstly by considering a set of parameters and key assumptions that impact the security of supply and secondly on the ambitious target of Norway's government in decreasing GHG emissions by 55% in 2030 and 90–95% by the year 2050 compared to 1990 levels. The mitigation scenario aims to diversify the overall national energy system and technological changes based on large-scale renewable energy sources (RES) integration. From the perspective of climate change issues, EV's include an attractive option for deep decarbonization, including other sustainable fuel sources such as H2, biofuel mixed with diesel, the use of excess heat deriving from industry to cover households' heating demand, and integration of large-scale heat pumps driven by RES during off-peak demand is applied. Energy demand projections are uncertain, and the main goal is to show how different scenario projections up to 2050 affect the whole of Norway's energy system, leading to a combined global warming potential (GWP) of around 7.30 MtCO2 in the mitigation scenario from 56.40 MtCO2 tones released in the baseline scenario, by reaching only 77.5% reduction referring to 1990 level. This study's findings show that the net-zero ambitions by the end of 2050 are impossible without the carbon tax application and carbon capture storage (CCS), especially in the oil and gas industry. © 2023 The Authors

Food Security and Agricultural Crises in a "Financialized Food Regime"

The paper explores the impact of finance's penetration into agriculture and the global food system. The authors analyze the causes of the recent global food crises, unveiling the key role played by financial speculation and explaining why this phenomenon is likely to affect food security more than the problems related to the supply and demand dynamics taking place in the "real economy". Financial markets, the authors argue, are engendering pricing mechanisms and dynamics of wealth distribution that have consequences on the agrarian structures, but also on everyday life of both producers and consumers. While creating new profit opportunities for speculators and the agribusiness, the penetration of finance into food systems increase uncertainty and imply new risks for local actors, to the point of compromising their capability to respond to exogenous shocks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In any case, to make sense of these phenomena they must be linked to the broader transformation of the global food system and to the long-term trajectories of capitalist development. This operation is here made with the support of the analytical tools provided by some approaches inspired by the world-system analysis, bringing to light the roots of what can be defined as a "financialized food regime" and discussing some of its important ecological and socio-economic contradictions.

The Effectiveness of Information Technology and Teaching Strategies in Distance Learning to Improve the Learning Effect of K-12 Students

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, many countries began to try to use online platforms and digital tools for distance learning. This study focuses on the effectiveness of information technology and teaching strategies in distance learning to improve the learning effect of K-12 students. By using the meta-analysis method and screening criteria of empirical research, it focuses on methodological and substantive research, and examines the relationship between information technology and learning effect, and the relationship between teaching strategies and learning effect in distance learning. The final analysis included 85 qualified studies with a total sample size of 79,928 K-12 students: 35 primary school studies (n = 35,155) and 50 secondary school studies (n = 44,773). The results show that compared with offline learning, the application of information technology in distance learning usually has a positive impact (ES=+2.26). However, the impact may vary depending on the type of information technology. From the perspective of teaching strategies, case-based teaching strategies can improve students' learning effect. Therefore, when applying information technology and teaching strategies to students' distance learning effect, we should strengthen the design of process objectives, pay attention to the role of sharing and co-construction technologies in distance learning, and adopt case-based teaching strategies to stimulate students' high-level cognitive activities and cognitive achievements, so as to promote distance learning. © 2022 Association for Computing Machinery.

POCT detection device based on thermal convection fluorescence PCR amplification

This article is based on the principle of thermal convection PCR and nucleic acid fluorescence intensity detection technology. The principle of thermal convection PCR is to form a temperature difference by separately controlling the upper temperature and the bottom temperature of the reaction tube. The lower temperature liquid at the upper part has relatively high density or specific gravity, and the upper and lower liquids will produce convection, which drives the flow of molecules in the tubular chamber. The reaction solution is formed into thermal convection in the reaction test tube and subjected to different temperatures, so as to meet the required conditions for the reaction of different enzymes, and realize the pre-denaturation, annealing and extension processes in the nucleic acid PCR amplification in a short time. Nucleic acid fluorescence intensity detection technology involves embedded system design for device control and signal analysis, optical system design for optical signal filtering and collection, and differential amplifier circuit design. The embedded system design is based on the development of precise temperature control system, motion system and signal analysis system based on Stm32 single-chip microcomputer. The temperature control system includes independent temperature control to control the heaters at the bottom of the reaction tube and the top of the reaction tube respectively;the motion system includes sample switching and switching of the light source in the imaging system. The optical system design includes 540nm FAM excitation light source, 570nm CY3 excitation light source and spherical lens focusing excitation system. This device uses a photodiode to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal, and then amplifies the collected electrical signal with a two-stage operational amplifier through a two-color light differential amplifier circuit, and then uses the signal analysis system to record and display the electrical signal changes in real time, and Make a qualitative analysis. This device not only has the advantages of low cost and high sensitivity, but also solves the key problem of the long time (more than 2 hours) of the whole process of real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR in the detection of new crown nucleic acid and cannot be screened quickly on site. The PCR time of this device is from 2 The hour is reduced to 30 minutes, which is suitable for POCT inspections, and achieves rapid screening goals for crowds of people, which is conducive to responding to acute nucleic acid detection and large-scale nucleic acid detection. This device is currently used with COVID-19 detection reagents to detect new coronaviruses, and realize the detection of 20 copies of nucleic acid sensitivity within 30 minutes. Four samples can be processed in batches at a time, and the sample size for single processing can be increased appropriately according to needs. This device provides rapid and sensitive screening methods for global epidemic prevention and control, and is of great significance to improve human health. This device can also be applied to other rapid nucleic acid detection fields. With different nucleic acid detection reagents, this device can detect different gene loci, and has a broad development space and application fields. © 2023 SPIE.

Part two: the challenges of a soft systems inquiry. Integrating Husserl and Gadamer

PurposeThis study aims to explore the ideas of Husserl and Gadamer as a possible basis of future soft systems methods of enquiry.Design/methodology/approachIn Part one, the author has taken up the argument that soft systems is underpinned by Husserl's phenomenology. The implication of this contention is an acceptance of subjectivity, and that our understanding the world is based upon personal experience. A consequence of this thinking renders predetermined models of the world to be deficient because each situation is unique. Instead of seeking a "solution”, the soft systems investigator engenders a cycle of learning as a means of gaining greater understanding. This means that a soft systems inquiry involves exploring the situation with those involved as a means of reaching an informed way forward. In this second paper, the author continues to explore Husserl's phenomenology and also consider Gadamer's ideas on hermeneutics and the importance of the "cycle of learning” that is central to any soft systems inquiry. The study concludes with a summary of points that, the author suggests, should be considered when undertaking a "soft” systems inquiry and in the development of any methodology that may enable it.FindingsBoth papers explore the phenomenological ideas of Husserl and the relationship to soft systems. In paper one, the basis of this exploration was Checkland's assertion that phenomenology could be the basis of soft systems. In the second paper, the author takes this further by exploring Gadamer's ideas on hermeneutics and reflect upon the possibility of blending them with Husserl's thinking.Research limitations/implicationsI had some difficulty in tracking down the published work relating to the development of soft systems, notably the Journal of Applied Systems Analysis. This journal was published by Lancaster University and covered more than 20 years of debate and provides an important record of its development. The author managed to find what might be the only compete set at the University of Southampton. This allowed the author to gain some understanding of the development of the thinking. Since the late 20th century, the number of publications on soft ideas has been severely limited, seemingly reflecting the dominance of reductionist science. It seems timely for such a paper as this to help initiate further debate.Practical implicationsAs indicated above – the difficulty is finding early journal publications where the ideas and their relationship to the action research programme emerged. Checkland himself, with whom the author has always enjoyed a close relationship, has, at the age of 90, withdrawn from academic activity;the early papers in the Journal of Applied Systems Analysis are probably the only "evidence” of the developing ideas at that time. Checkland has summarised the development (see references in the author's two papers), but these early documents have the advantage of being written by a variety of scholars at the time rather than a single source.Social implicationsThe current crisis of the corona virus demonstrates the strength and the limitations of reductionist thinking. It is appropriate at this time that other methods and ideas of thinking about complexity are "visible”. Whilst there are many ideas, techniques, methods and so on in systems, these come from a common base, namely, to accept a world as tangible and easily modelled;adopting and alternative way of thinking can be challenging and healthy.Originality/valueSoft systems thinking is 50 years old, but there has been virtually no progress since the soft systems methodology (SSM) emerged of Husserl and Gadamer in the 1970-1990s;such is the dominance of this methodology. This paper attempts to revisit the early thinking and consider what soft systems thinking means rather than focus on SSM.

Privacy and Data Protection in COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps: An Analysis from a Socio-Technical System Design Perspective

This paper examines privacy and data protection concerns of the public in relation to COVID-19 contact tracing apps. In addition, the role played by these concerns in the adoption of contact tracing apps has been investigated. Further emphasis has been directed at the limitations of contact tracing apps that could stem from privacy and data protection accommodations. Regarding socio-technical system design, this paper attempts to identify mechanisms preserving privacy in contact tracing apps. It has been a further research aim to determine factors that assist and hinder adoption. A mixed methods approach utilising a survey including both qualitatively and quantitatively evaluable questions was employed. Contact tracing apps have been a highly topical subject during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research found that privacy and data protection are indeed important factors in people's decision-making about whether to use a contact tracing app. While certain privacy trade-offs are inevitable when it comes to contact tracing, this research found that a decentralised design approach characterised by full anonymity for users and the largest amount of data possible remaining on the device is best suited to achieve widespread adoption and approval with a privacy-conscious public that is concerned with data protection. © 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Virtual Problem-Based-Learning Instruction in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic - What Could Possibly Go Wrong & What Can One Do About It?

Even under normal conditions, it can be challenging to utilize online or distance learning environments to offer technical degree programs such as Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) or Electrical Engineering Technology (EET). These programs normally require hands-on-laboratory expositions (albeit in 2D) to help students grasp the complex concepts and to develop their practical skills and competencies. The COVID-19 Pandemic has exposed teaching institutions and faculty in some of these technical disciplines to a myriad of these challenges. The unanticipated switch from face-to-face course offerings to online virtual Remote course offerings in and around March of 2020 forced many teaching faculty to come face-to-face with the realities, and challenges of teaching Remotely and Virtually, most of whom had hitherto not been teaching online. Academic institutions have also had to deal with the abrupt switch and have had to provide facilities, resources, and services to assist their faculty as they make the necessary changes to their courses. In this paper, a thorough examination and discussion of some of the challenges that faculty teaching in highly technical disciplines in ECE and ET programs at Kennesaw State University have had to face, and are still dealing with, are provided. In particular, the paper looks at instruction for typical ECE Problem-Based-Learning course such as Capstone Design course, and a highly mathematical Systems and Systems Analysis course in ET. Meaningful recommendations as to how to avoid some of the pitfalls encountered and how to make the course more accessible and meaningful for the students will be presented. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022.

Ruling Abstractions and Unruly Spaces

Olga Tokarczuk, The Book of Jacob A character in Olga Tokarczuk's magnificent novel The Book of Jacob refers to the time that is "not yet" historical;a time that is, in some ways, frozen, and as such excluded from the developmentalist and civilizationist historical narratives. Since its inception, the world-systems perspective has been concerned with the problem of historical time. In world-systems analysis, time and space are seen as substantive properties of social relations, and the network of relations that comprises the capitalist world economy produces its own temporal spatial and temporal configurations. [...]Çaǧrı Ídiman in the second part of his essay on Tributary World-Ecologies, brings into sharper historical relief the distinctive element of capitalist worldecology, distinguished from other world-ecologies by simultaneous transformation of productive relation and mode of appropriation of labor and nature.

Disruptions and delays: Lecturers’ experiences of moving an information systems module online

Literature on innovative online teaching in higher education (HE) considers factors influencing use (or nonuse) of technologies. The underlying dynamics that drive teaching and learning (T&L) systems however, receive limited attention. The challenges of moving online are exacerbated during disruptions, such as student protests or a pandemic. This discussion presents the innovations in teaching in a Systems Analysis and Design module as influenced by both student protests and the COVID-19 pandemic. Process bottle-necks and stoppages experienced by lecturers are compared to the ‘Circuit of HE Teaching Power’ framework to determine if it explains these delays. This framework is based on the voluntary, partial movement online of teaching after institutional disruption and change. Numerous delays experienced are identified by the framework. Not identified are the delays experienced due to the need for pedagogical review and waiting for clarity from institutional management. It is also clear that the nuances of the context, nature of the disruption, and the nature of the module, play a role in the teaching experience. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Facial mask detection system based on YOLOv4 algorithm

This paper mainly addresses the detection of facial mask wear under the new COVID-19. To meet this demand, this paper performs facial mask wear detection on specific targets through a model trained based on the YOLOv4 algorithm. It has the characteristics of fast detection and light weight, and the application of this system to daily mask wear detection requires high real-time system performance. YOLOv4 meets this requirement, so the system designed based on this model has practical significance. This paper further demonstrates that the facial mask detection system designed based on the YOLOv4 algorithm is capable of working in multiple scenes of daily life, successfully detecting whether the target is wearing a mask in many scenes such as routine, multi-person and occlusion environment. © 2022 IEEE.

Simulation and analysis of different heating method for bio-digester substrate

This report is on topic of simulation and analysis of different heating method for bio-digester substrate. Now-a-days the energy demand is increasing so we have to look other options and devise a method to optimize the production from other sources. Due to Covid-19 mass migration and increased hospital admission occurs, to fulfill the food supply biogas is sought. This report focus on digesters on a small scale that can be employed for household activities. To increase the biogas yield among different influencing factors temperature is chosen and worked upon. Along with insulation there is a heating method installed to maintain the stable temperature which facilitates breakdown of organic materials and improve the productivity. In colder climates maintaining mesophilic temperature can be a challenge, therefore three heating methods are simulated and analyzed. The study reveals about floor heating, in-vessel heating and floor + in-vessel heating method. In-vessel heating method provides uniform cooling, whereas floor heating can be applied at relatively cold climates because it give significant temperature rise (about ∼14 °C). Out of these three methods floor + in-vessel heating method is found suitable as it optimize the benefits of both floor and in-vessel heating methods with 5 °C temperature raise. © 2022

Change in Students' Peer Evaluations of Requirements Elicitation Interviews Across the Pre-Pandemic and Pandemic-Affected Semesters

Successful development of an information system to solve a business problem depends on the analyst's ability to elicit system requirements from a user. This complex competency could be trained via critical peer evaluation of the requirements elicitation (RE) interviews. In this study, 294 students across four pre-pandemic and two COVID-19 pandemic-affected semesters evaluated recorded sample RE interviews of low and high quality. A piecewise regression modeling was used to examine the change in students' evaluations separately for the pre-pandemic and pandemic-affected semesters. Current results showed that students exhibited inflated evaluation scores (relative to instructors' scores) for the high-quality, but not for the low-quality interview. While students' evaluations for the low-quality interview remained stable across the pre-pandemic semesters, a significant decrease in evaluation scores for the high-quality interview reduced the gap between the students' and instructors' evaluations. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic brought a significant increase in students' evaluation scores, which decreased during the second pandemic-affected semester. Moreover, females inflated their evaluations compared to males, specifically for technical, rather than soft skills. Current findings shed light on several important trends in students' peer evaluations in the context of RE training and possible effects of massive learning disruptions, such as the pandemic.

The Egyptian revolution of January 25, 2011 as an anti-systemic movement

Purpose>This paper aims to analyze the Egyptian revolution as an anti-systemic movement. It illustrates how Egypt’s position in the world-economy has affected its political economy orientation and led to the marginalization of critical masses, who launched the revolution.Design/methodology/approach>The paper follows Wallerstein’s world-system analysis focusing on the anti-systemic movement concept. The paper analyzes the Egyptian case based on Annales school’s longue durée concept, which is a perspective to study developments of social relations historically.Findings>The Egyptian revolution was not only against the autocratic regime but also against the power structure resulting from the neoliberal economic policies, introduced as a response to the capitalism crisis. It represented the voice of the forgotten. The revolution was one of the anti-systemic movements resisting the manifestations of the capitalist world-economy.Originality/value>This paper aims at proving that the Egyptian revolution was an anti-systemic movement;which will continue to spread as a rejection to the world-system and to aspire a more democratic and egalitarian world. The current COVID-19 pandemic is exacerbating the crisis of the world-system.

Global systemic risk and resilience for novel coronavirus in postpandemic era.

The ongoing pandemic has evolved and is posing diverse challenges for the world. Countermeasures for risks are needed to address both direct and indirect effects of disease on the healthcare system, economic and industrial sectors, governance, environment, transportation, energy, and communication systems. There are indicators of a forthcoming postpandemic era. The rethinking and reevaluation of policies adopted throughout the pandemic are ongoing to address cascading threats of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. The first Special Issue introduced the topic. This second Special Issue describes international collaboration and innovation for pandemic risk and resilience, with a focus on future policy and operations of global systems toward a postandemic era.

Survey of Simulation Tools to Assess Techno-Economic Benefits of Smart Grid Technology in Integrated T&D Systems

In order to succeed in the energy transition, the power system must become more flexible in order to enable the economical hosting of more intermittent distributed energy resources (DER) and smart grid technologies. New technical solutions, generally based on the connection of various components coupled to the power system via smart power electronic converters or through ICT, can help to take up these challenges. Such innovations (e.g., decarbonization technologies and smart grids) may reduce the costs of future power systems and the environmental footprint. In this regard, the techno-economic assessment of smart grid technologies is a matter of interest, especially in the urge to develop more credible options for deep decarbonization pathways over the long term. This work presents a literature survey of existing simulation tools to assess the techno-economic benefits of smart grid technologies in integrated T&D systems. We include the state-of-the-art tools and categorize them in their multiple aspects, cover smart grid technology, approach methods, and research topics, and include (or complete) the analysis with other dimensions (smart-grid related) of key interest for future power systems analysis such as environmental considerations, techno-economic aspects (social welfare), spatial scope, time resolution (granularity), and temporal scope, among others. We surveyed more than 40 publications, and 36 approaches were identified for the analysis of integrated T&D systems. As a relatively new research area, there are various promising candidates to properly simulate integrated T&D systems. Nevertheless, there is not yet a consensus on a specific framework that should be adopted by researchers in academia and industry. Moreover, as the power system is evolving rapidly towards a smart grid system, novel technologies and flexibility solutions are still under study to be integrated on a large scale. This review aims to offer new criteria for researchers in terms of smart-grid related dimensions and the state-of-the-art trending of simulation tools that holistically evaluate techno-economic aspects of the future power systems in an integrated T&D systems environment. As an imperative research matter for future energy systems, this article seeks to contribute to the discussion of which pathway the scientific community should focus on for a successful shift towards decarbonized energy systems.

THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITALIZATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

Мета. Дослщити вплив цифровтци на розвиток промислових пщприемств. Методика. У дослщженш були використаш загальш та спещальш методи шзнання: системного анал/зу й синтезу, що дозволило розглянути вплив цифровтци на процеси та наступш затрати пщприемств;структурнофункцюнальний метод для дослщження й порiвняння об'емiв цифровтци та роботизаци;дедукцй', логiчних дослщжень, графiчний спосiб подачi iнформацľi для вь дображення значущих результатiв дослщження. Результаты. У процес/ досл1дження доведено, що цифровтцш е категорiею, бшьшою мiрою, стратег/чною, ною, нгж технолопчною. Розглянутi такi рiвнi цифровтци як оцифрування, цифровiзацiя, цифрова трансформацш. Запропоновано аналiз стану цифровтци, що в майбутньому може стати навИацшним iнструментом для практики при прийняттi рiшень з цифрових шновацш та цифрово! стратеги й пов'язувати ix з виявленими аспектами проблем i можливостей у р/зних галузях з рiзними умовами складношдв. Розглянуто метод нарощування переваг пщприемств, такий як робототехшка, та його взаемозв'язок i вплив на р/вень цифровтци. Наукова новизна. Проведено анал/з прояви цифровь заци пщприемств, що розглядаються за критершми зниження витрат, створення ново! вартост/ товари í надаваних послуг п/дприемствами. Запропоновано п/дприемствам ствам в умовах цифрового перед/лу ринк/в максимально застосовувати цифров/ /нструменти та /нвестувати в нововведення, що дозволить у майбутньому досягти ушкальност/ пропонованого серв/су чи продукту. Практична значимтсть. Результати дослщження можуть використовуватися економютами-науковцями та практиками для розвитку подальших перспектив застосування цифрових шструменти з метою розширення !х можливостей у галуз/ маркетингу, навчання та /нновац/й.Alternate :Purpose. To study the impact of digitalization on the development of industrial enterprises. Methodology. The study used general and special methods of cognition: system analysis and synthesis, which allowed considering the impact of digitalization on the processes and subsequent costs of enterprises;structural and functional method for research and comparison of digitization and robotics;deduction, logical research, graphical way of presenting information to display significant research results. Findings. The study proved that digitalization is a strategic category rather than a technological one. Such levels of digitization as digitizing, digitization, digital transformation are considered. An analysis of the state of digitalization is proposed, which in the future may become a navigation tool for practitioners in decision-making on digital innovation and digital strategy and provide an opportunity to relate t em to identified problems and opportunities in different industries with different challenges. The method of increasing the advantages of enterprises such as robotics and its relationship and impact on the level of digitalization is considered. Originality. An analysis of the manifestations of digitalization of enterprises, which are considered on the criteria of reducing costs, creating new value of goods and services provided by enterprises, is conducted. In the conditions of digital redistribution of markets, enterprises are offered to use digital tools as much as possible and to invest in innovations that will allow achieving uniqueness of the offered service or product in the future. Practical value. The results of the study can be used by economists, scientists and practitioners to develop further prospects for the use of digital tools to enhance their capabilities in marketing, training and innovation.

Innovative System Design for Remote Air Traffic Control Simulation Training

Conventional ATC simulation training is practice-based training that aims to teach students hands-on experiences before handling real traffic situations in a stressful environment. However, COVID 19 has profoundly affected society and higher education in Australia. It brings enormous challenges to delivering this hands-on practical face-to-face training for students in a typical way. Hence, remote ATC simulation training is emerging in aviation education during COVID. This paper will present an innovative system design for remote ATC simulation training at an Australian university. Firstly, infrastructure upgrading of hardware and software from an existing stand-alone system to a remote network is discussed in detail with consideration of costs, cyber security, system compatibility with the university-wide network;Secondly, preliminary experiment results about the quality of remote ATC simulation training is present by compared with traditional face-to-face training to validate the whole system design;Last but not least, the enhancement of the current remote training system beyond COVID-19 regarding reliability and capacity is listed for future development. This foundation paper will support an understanding of how digital technology can transform STEM practical education during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, thereby providing an excellent example for the rest of the world by its leading role in developing advanced ATC training systems for application at a global level. © 2022 IEEE.